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Record ID: 130 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 1 ]
Examining the Theoretical Assumption of a Six-fold Structure of Management Competency Sub-scales (MCS)
Authors: Manuelito De Vera Bengo
Abstract:
Management Competency Sub-scales (MCS), in this current inquiry was being constructed under the theoretical assumption of a sixfold structure: self-image; leadership; skills; action; performance; and orientation. However, there is so far no empirical evidence available to support this assumption. Thus, a comprehensive measure is therefore needed to adequately gauge its validity. The aim of this present study was to assess the validity of the categorization of management competencies into the six overarching MCS. The results showed that instead of the expected six-fold structure, MCS comprised eight factors: expertise; self-image; skills; leadership; innovation; influencer, sustainability; and orientation. Looking at homogeneity and scale length in tandem, the scales were subsequently refined and the number of items reduced to 45. The inter-correlations between the derived sub-scales, as well as the mean loadings of the items on the sub-scales, were significant, indicating the validity of the construct. The Cronbach alphas for the different sub-scales were found to be of an acceptable level, above .7 suggesting relative stability of the derived scales. Comparing the inter-scale correlations of the management competencies sub-scales with their average Cronbach alpha, the values were found to be substantially different, providing support for the discriminant validity of the construct. Furthermore, conducting a second-order factor analysis, all the sub-scales loaded above .3 on the one extracted, suggesting convergent validity. The study provides a good alternative to the bounty of competency models/frameworks that have been developed in the area of management competency.
Keywords: management competency sub-scales, factor analysis, validity, cronbach alpha, inter-correlations
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 2
Record ID: 129 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 2 ]
A Validation of the Non-Parametric Continuous Norming Procedure
Authors: Melissa Jane Siy and Francisco N. de los Reyes
Abstract:
This study analyzed and validated the statistical aspect of the nonparametric continuous norming technique, which is a method used in creating scores in psychometric tests. Using the Work Profile Questionnaire - Emotional Intelligence (WPQei) with Filipino sample respondents, the study was able to demonstrate how the norming technique can be used to create age-group-based scores (age norms). Based on the results, the models from the technique can produce useable scores in practice with acceptable adjusted R-squared values; however, some challenges emerged with regard to the process of choosing the smoothing parameter, consistency of the significant variables and coefficient signs of the model, and the calculation of the score tables. Bootstrapping is recommended in improving the robustness of the technique.
Keywords: norming, WPQei, age-group-based score tables, bootstrap
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 2
Record ID: 128 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 3 ]
A Sequential Markov Chain Model of FIFA World Cup Winners
Authors: Nehemiah A. Ikoba
Abstract:
In this paper, a sequential Markov chain conceptualization of the winners of the FIFA World Cup is presented. The aim was to capture the dynamics of the World Cup and predict the future winner via Markov chain analysis. A sequentially incremented state-space Markov chain is used to approximate the process of winning the FIFA World Cup. The corresponding Markov chains at every epoch where the state space increases were computed. The result of the analysis showed a close predictive ability of the model to predict the previous World Cup winners. It is predicted that a new winner may emerge in the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. However, if a new winner does not emerge, on the basis of both the sequential Markov chain and the first passage matrix of the conceptualized model, then Brazil is the most probable winner of the 2022 World Cup, followed by Italy and Germany. The sequential Markov chain approach can be applied to other sporting events and scenarios in which there is only a small probability that the number of observed states may increase from a small set of states.
Keywords: stochastic processes, sports analytics; transition probability matrix, mean first passage time, mean recurrence time
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 2
Record ID: 127 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 4 ]
Recursive Quantile Estimation through a Stochastic Algorithm
Authors: A. Bachir and K. Djeddour-Djaballah
Abstract:
In this paper, we propose an estimate of a quantile of an unknown population. By considering this problem as a stochastic approximation problem, we obtain an estimator of the quantile and provide the almost-sure convergence as well as the asymptotic normality of this estimator. Some simulation results are presented to show that the proposed estimator works well.
Keywords: stochastic approximation, non-parametric estimation, quantile estimation
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 1
Record ID: 126 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 5 ]
Penalty Analysis with Resampling Method for Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Reanne Len C. Arlan, James Roldan S. Reyes, and Mary Denelle C. Mariano
Abstract:
Penalty analysis is the most widely accepted approach in consumer oriented testing for sensory evaluation dealing with just about right (JAR) data. However, performing test of significance of penalizing sensory attribute on the overall acceptability of a product is limited due to the absence of mean drop’s standard error. To address this limitation, this paper applied alternative approaches using bootstrap and jackknife resampling. Using sensory evaluation data of the soft serve vanilla-based ice cream of a certain fast food company, the ordinary and the proposed jackknifing penalty analyses yielded similar results. While both analyses found that “too much sweetness†as the most troublesome attribute, bootstrapping penalty analysis showed having a “too weak vanilla flavor†has an effect of 0.45 mean drop point from the product’s overall acceptability. Through empirical validation, jackknife mean drop estimates were found to be closer to the original mean drops and have smaller estimates of standard error as compared with the bootstrap mean drop estimates. Overall, bootstrapping penalty analysis was more conservative in determining critical sensory attributes. Moreover, the proposed jackknifing penalty analysis was able to depict similar results of the ordinary penalty analysis with further ability to calibrate problematic sensory attributes based on statistical evidence. This can offer a more powerful and useful evaluation tool for product development in the food industry.
Keywords: bootstrapping, jackknifing, just about right scale, 9-point hedonic score, mean drop, product development
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 1
Record ID: 125 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 6 ]
Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Content Analysis of Facebook Data
Authors: Xavier Javines Bilon and Jose Antonio R. Clemente
Abstract:
A methodological challenge for researchers performing content analysis on social media data involves deciding on a sampling procedure for obtaining content to be analyzed with least sampling error. The study used and recommended two different kinds of elementary unit—post and day—that allow probability sampling of Facebook data, regardless of whether the sampling frame of all posts within the time period of interest is obtainable. Four sampling designs for post as elementary unit and five for day as elementary unit—including three commonly used sampling options for content analysis: simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR), constructed week sampling, and consecutive day sampling— were employed on Facebook data mined from Mocha Uson Blog from 2010 to 2018. Estimates for parameters, such as measures of user engagement and proportions of topic-related posts, were obtained at increasing sample sizes. Sampling designs for each elementary unit were evaluated by comparing the normalized area under the coefficient of variation curve (NAUCV) over the different sample sizes. For post as elementary unit, with content type as the stratification variable, stratified random sampling (StRS) using Neyman allocation based on total user engagement is recommended (average NAUCV = 31.28%). For day as elementary unit, SRSWOR is recommended (average NAUCV = 42.31%).
Keywords: content analysis, sampling method, social media analytics
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 1
Record ID: 124 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 7 ]
Bounds Testing Approach in Determining the Impact of Climate Change Indicators to the Rice Yield of Central Luzon
Authors: Hernan G. Pantolla and Rechel G. Arcilla
Abstract:
Crop production, among many others, is threatened by climate change. In the Philippines, one such crop is rice. Various models have been applied to investigate factors that affect the production of this grain. Specialized software has been utilized that simulates its production under different conditions. But these were done on a larger scale. Local and international organizations call for the creation of crop production models that are specific to locations which can describe their long- and short-term responses to the changes in the environment. Hence, a model is proposed that made use of the Bounds Testing feature of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to determine the long-run and short-run effects of selected climate change indicators to the rice yield of Central Luzon, the Rice Granary of the Philippines. The findings showed that the speed of adjustment towards equilibrium is 1.26%. Precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration have long-run impacts, while the lagged differences of the yield itself and temperature as well as the first difference temperature have short-run effects. Sea surface temperature anomaly was found to have no significant contribution. The fitness of the generated ARDL Model was substantiated by several diagnostic tests performed. In addition, it showed gains in forecasting accuracy when compared with a baseline model. The results of this study could be used in decision-making and policy developments.
Keywords: autoregressive distributed lag, bounds testing, climate change indicators, rice yield, Central Luzon
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 1
Record ID: 123 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 8 ]
Analyzing the Impact of RPRH Law Implementation on Poverty Reduction in the Philippines
Authors: Michael Ralph M. Abrigo, Aniceto C. Orbeta Jr. and Alejandro N. Herrin
Abstract:
A key research question with relevance to policy is how the full implementation of the RPRH law, with attention to its three key elements, namely: comprehensive sexuality education, family planning, and maternal and child health, contributes to economic growth and poverty reduction. This study describes the various pathways in which these key elements would work their way to affecting fertility, human capital formation, and economic growth and poverty reduction. Among the pathways considered, recent studies have provided into the economic and social impact of preventing early childbearing, reducing maternal mortality, and preventing child stunting. However, a gap exists in measuring the effect of achieving couples desired fertility on economic growth and poverty reduction through its impact on the age structure, investments in human capital, and productivity. The study addresses this gap by estimating the economic gains from a full implementation of the RPRH law, with attention on the family planning component as opposed to delayed implementation or no implementation scenarios (“business as usualâ€). The results show that helping couples achieve the desired number of children can potentially have substantial economic benefits in terms of more rapid economic growth arising from the first and second demographic dividends, which in turn accelerate poverty reduction both in terms of incidence and number of population.
Keywords: RPRH law, total fertility rate, demographic dividends, poverty reduction
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Year: 2020 Vol.: 69 No.: 1
Record ID: 122 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 9 ]
Consumer Expectations Survey and Quarterly Social Weather Survey: Evidence of Convergent Validity and Causality
Authors: Edsel L. Beja Jr.
Abstract:
The paper tests the convergent validity and causality of the Consumer Expectations Survey from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and the Quarterly Social Weather Survey from the Social Weather Stations. The results indicate that there is convergent validity; and that there is bi-direction causality. Further results reveal that both share a common set of determinants. Overall, the findings imply that the Consumer Expectations Survey and the Quarterly Social Weather Survey embody comparable information. As such, one can be a proxy measure of the other. For policy, the findings support the view that a monetary approach for controlling the overall performance of the country, especially with regard to the inflation rate, in conjunction with a fiscal approach for securing the provision of basic social services are key to an effective management of sentiments and for an improvement in the quality of life.
Keywords: Consumer Expectations Survey, Quarterly Social Weather Survey, convergent validity, cointegration, causality, Toda-Yamamoto procedure
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Year: 2019 Vol.: 68 No.: 2
Record ID: 121 [ Page 4 of 16, No. 10 ]
The Impact of Basic Education Reform on the Educational Participation of 16- to 17-year-old Youth in the Philippines
Authors: Geoffrey M. Ducanes and Dina Joan S. Ocampo
Abstract:
The study measures the impact on the school participation of 16 to 17-year-old learners in the Philippines of the implementation of the Senior High School program (SHS), which came into full effect in school year 2017–2018. The SHS program, which extended secondary education in the country from four to six years, was the most ambitious education reform action in the country in recent memory. The study found that the SHS program resulted in an increase in overall school participation rate of at least 13 percentage points among 16 to 17-year-olds. Perhaps more importantly, the increase in school participation rate was found to be highly progressive with those 16 to 17-year-olds in the two bottom income quintiles experiencing the highest increase in school participation rates by a wide margin. The study also found that both male and female students benefited from the program, although the gains appear to be higher for female students. Most of the gains in school participation were also found to occur outside Metro Manila.
Keywords: impact evaluation, logit regression, education reform, senior high school, gender in education
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Year: 2019 Vol.: 68 No.: 2